| 1 | Buds viscid-resinous; twigs and leaf-sheaths blackish; leaves dark green, rigid; cones light brown or tawny-yellow; scales rough with a prominent umbo |
| 1' | Buds not viscid-resinous; twigs and leaf-sheaths brown or greyish; leaves bright green or greyish-green; cones rich brown; scales smooth with a flattish umbo |
| 2 | Cones very broadly and shortly ovoid or subglobose, scales with a much thickened, strongly convex apophysis; seeds 15-20 mm long, 8-10 mm wide; testa thick, hard and woody; trees with a dense, flattish or umbrella-like crown |
| 2' | Cones ovoid, tapering to apex, scales with a flattish apophysis; seeds 5-7 mm long, 2-4 mm wide; testa rather thin, not hard or woody; lax-branching trees with an irregular crown |
| 3 | Cones patent, shortly stalked or subsessile (stalk up to 1 cm), broadly and shortly ovoid, 4-5 cm wide; leaves (7-)11-16(-20) cm long |
| 3' | Cones strongly deflexed with a well-developed, recurved stalk (stalk 1-3 cm), rather narrowly ovoid, 2.5-4 cm wide; leaves slender (5-)7-11(-13) cm long |
